Dr. Mary Aaland, center, taught a “stop the bleed” class in Linton in November. The program teaches nonmedical people how to apply tourniquets and pack open bleeding wounds. Aaland has taught more than 130 people in the classes with the help of local emergency medical services providers.

Today, 65 to 70 percent of general surgery is done on an outpatient basis.

“Now, it’s in and out,” said Dr. Mary Aaland of the Department of Surgery at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences (UNDSMHS).

Most of these outpatient surgeries could be done at rural hospitals. “We need to re-establish surgery as part of the health care team,” Aaland said.